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Theory of Operation SDM-309B Satellite Modem
5-5–14 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. #
5.2.3 Theory Of Operation
5.2.3.1 Demod Processor
The Demod Processor, in conjunction with the Demodulator, reconstructs the digital data
stream that was transmitted but corrupted by transmission channel impairments. The
Demod Processor accepts 11 bit quantized signals from the Demodulator for both the I
and Q channels.
Two of the levels are mainly used for Clock Recovery while the other 9 are used by the
Costas Calculator and in generation of the 2 bit soft decision symbols required by the
Viterbi Decoder.
The Costas Calculator generates a phase error term from the I and Q channel quantized
data. This error term is scaled by input from the M & C, then is output to the analog
portion of the loop. The sweep voltage, which is also controlled by the M & C, is
summed with the integrated error term and is output from the board to drive the VCXO
on the Demodulator.
The Clock Loop is contained on this card. It consists of a phase locked loop with a
VCXO for a reference. The phase locked loop generates a clock, four times the desired
data rate. From this clock Dividers generate the Data Rate Clock and the Symbol Rate
Clock. The Symbol Rate Clock is compared with the Quantized I and Q channel data to
generate a phase error term. The error term is scaled and integrated before it drives the
VCXO on the phase locked loop thus closing the outer loop and driving the Symbol Rate
Clock to synchronize to the incoming Symbols.
The I and Q channel data is sampled and converted to 3 bit quantized R0 and R1 parallel
code bits for use by the Viterbi Decoder.
5.2.3.2 Viterbi Decoder
The Viterbi decoder operates, in conjunction with the convolutional encoder in the
transmit modem, to correct errors in the received data stream from the demodulator due
to the transmission channel. The Viterbi decoder processes three bit quantized R0 and
R1 parallel code bits or symbols from the demodulator. The quantization is three bit soft
decision in sign/magnitude format. This data is a representation of the data transmitted,
corrupted by Additive White Gaussian Noise. The decoder’s task is to determine which
symbols have been corrupted by the transmission channel and correct as many as
possible. The code symbols produced by the encoder provide a means of doing just that.
The Viterbi decoder performs seven functions. The data passes through a ambiguity
resolver which compensates for the potential 90 degree phase ambiguity inherent in a
QPSK demodulator. The data is then "de-punctured" if the decoder is operating in 3/4 or
- SDM-309B 1
- SDM-309BSDM-309B 1
- Warranty Policy 3
- Limitations of Warranty 3
- Exclusive Remedies 3
- Disclaimer 3
- About this Manual 4
- Cautions and Warnings 4
- Metric Conversion 4
- Trademarks 5
- Customer Support 6
- Table of Contents 8
- Rev. 0 vii 10
- Rev. 0 ix 12
- Chapter 1 14
- INTRODUCTION 14
- 1-1–2 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 15
- Figure 1-1 SDM-309B Modem 16
- 1-1–4 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 17
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 1-1–5 18
- 1-1–6 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 19
- 1.4 System Specification 20
- 1-1–10 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 23
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 1-1–11 24
- 1-1–12 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 25
- Chapter 2 26
- INSTALLATION 26
- Figure 2-1 Rear Panel View 28
- 2.2.1 Data I/O 29
- 2.2.2 Remote (J6) 29
- 2.2.3 Fault (J7) 29
- 2.2.4 IF Output (CP1) 30
- 2.2.5 IF Input (CP2) 30
- 2.2.6 AC Power 30
- 2.2.7 GND 30
- 2.3 System Requirements 30
- 2.4 System Installation 31
- Chapter 3 32
- OPERATION 32
- 3.1.3 Front Panel Controls 33
- Figure 3-1 Front Panel View 34
- 3.1.4 Configuration 35
- 3.1.4.1 MOD Configuration 35
- 3.1.4.2 DEMOD Configuration 36
- 3.1.5 Monitor 41
- 3.1.6 Faults 41
- 3.1.7 Stored Faults 43
- 3.1.8 Utility 43
- Figure 3-2 Menu Tree 47
- Figure 3-3 Menu Tree 48
- Figure 3-4 Menu Tree 49
- Figure 3-5 Menu Tree 50
- Figure 3-6 Menu Tree 51
- Figure 3-7 Menu Tree 52
- Figure 3-8 IF Loopback 53
- Figure 3-9 RF Loopback 54
- 3–24 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 55
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 3–25 56
- 3.2.1 General 57
- 3.2.2 Configuration 57
- 3.2.2.1 MOD Configuration 58
- 3.2.2.2 DEMOD Configuration 59
- 3.2.3 Monitor 65
- 3.2.4 Faults 66
- 3.2.5 Stored Faults 67
- 3.2.6 Utility 68
- Figure 3-12 Menu Tree 71
- Figure 3-13 Menu Tree 72
- Figure 3-14 Menu Tree 73
- Figure 3-15 Menu Tree 74
- Figure 3-16 Menu Tree 75
- Figure 3-17 Menu Tree 76
- 3–46 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 77
- Chapter 4 78
- M&C AND INTERFACES 78
- Connect JP7 to RS232 79
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–3 80
- 4.1.2.2 Remote Baud Rate 81
- 4.1.2.3 Remote Address 81
- 4.1.2.4 Battery 81
- 4.1.2.8 Utility Defaults 83
- 4.2 Digital Interfaces 83
- 4.2.1 IBS/M1200P Interface 84
- 4.2.1.2 Data Interface 84
- 4.2.1.3 Transmit Multiplexer 84
- 4-4–8 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 85
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–9 86
- 4-4–10 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 87
- Figure 4-4 IBS Fault Tree 88
- Figure 4-5 Jumper Table 89
- 4.2.1.4 Receive Multiplexer 90
- 4-4–18 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 95
- 4.2.1.9.7 Send Data (J7) 98
- 4.2.1.9.8 Receive Data (J8) 99
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–23 100
- 4-4–24 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 101
- 4.2.2.2 Data Interface 102
- 4.2.2.3 Transmit Multiplexer 102
- 4.2.2.7 Backward Alarm 103
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–27 104
- 4-4–28 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 105
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–29 106
- 4-4–30 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 107
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–31 108
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–35 112
- 4.2.2.10.11 Faults (J11) 115
- 4.2.2.11 Rear Panel Switches 116
- 4.2.2.11.1 Drop Data Input 116
- 4.2.2.11.2 Drop Data Output 116
- 4.2.2.11.3 Insert Data Input 116
- 4-4–40 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 117
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–41 118
- Table 4-3 119
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 4-4–43 120
- 4-4–44 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 121
- 4.3.1 Master/Slave 122
- 4.3.1.2 Master/Slave G.703 123
- 4.3.1.3 Master/Slave X.21 123
- 4.3.2 Master/Master 123
- Chapter 5 125
- THEORY OF OPERATION 125
- Figure 5-1 Modulator Card 127
- 5-5–4 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 128
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 5-5–5 129
- 5.1.3 Theory of Operation 130
- 5.2.1 General Description 131
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 5-5–9 133
- 5-5–10 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 134
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 5-5–11 135
- 5-5–12 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 136
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 5-5–13 137
- 5.2.3 Theory Of Operation 138
- 5.2.3.1 Demod Processor 138
- 5.2.3.2 Viterbi Decoder 138
- 5.3 Demodulator 139
- 5.3.1 General Description 139
- 5.3.2 Specifications 140
- Figure 5-9 Demodulator Card 141
- 5-5–18 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 142
- 5.3.3 Theory of Operation 143
- 5.4.1 General 143
- 5.4.2 Reacquisition 144
- 5.4.3 Fast Acquisition 145
- 5.4.4 Directed Sweep 145
- Chapter 6 146
- MAINTENANCE 146
- 6-6–2 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 147
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 6-6–3 148
- 6-6–4 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 149
- Table 6-1 150
- 6-6–6 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 151
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 6-6–7 152
- 6.1.4 Test Points 153
- Figure 6-6 154
- Figure 6-7 155
- Figure 6-8 156
- Figure 6-9 157
- 6.2 Fault Isolation 158
- 6.2.1 Modulator Faults 158
- 6.2.2 Demodulator Faults 159
- Table 6-2 162
- 6-6–18 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 163
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 6-6–19 164
- 6-6–20 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 165
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 6-6–21 166
- 6.4 Module Replacement 167
- 6.5 Module Identification 167
- 6.6 Repacking For Shipment 167
- Table 6-3 168
- Appendix A 169
- DATA RATES AND FILTERS 169
- 1.2 Variable Rate Filters 170
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # A–3 171
- A–4 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 172
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # A–5 173
- A–6 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 174
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # A–7 175
- A–8 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 176
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # A–9 177
- Appendix B 178
- SATELLITE MODEM REMOTE 178
- 3.4 End Character 179
- 3.1 Start Character 179
- 3.2 Device Address 179
- 3.3 Command/Responses 179
- 4.2.2 Demodulator Rate 183
- 4.2.4 RF Loop-back (ON/OFF) 184
- 4.2.5 IF Loop-back (ON/OFF) 184
- 4.2.7 Sweep Reacquisition 185
- 4.2.8 Fast Acquisition Mode 185
- 4.2.9 Sweep Center Frequency 185
- 4.2.10 Sweep Width Range 186
- 4.2.11 Sweep Direction 186
- 4.3.12 Interface Buffer Size 188
- 4.3.13 Transmit Data Fault 189
- 4.3.14 Receive Data Fault 189
- 4.3.15 Drop Data Format 189
- 4.3.16 Insert Data Format 189
- 4.4.1 Time Of Day 191
- 4.4.2 Date 191
- 5.3 Modulator Status 195
- 5.4 Demodulator Status 195
- 5.5 Common Equipment Status 196
- 5.8 Bit Error Rate Status 197
- 5.8.1 Raw BER 197
- 5.8.2 Corrected BER 197
- 5.8.3 Corrected BER Log 197
- 5.9 Eb/N0 Status 198
- 5.10 Modulator Rate Status 198
- 5.11 Demodulator Rate Status 198
- 5.13 Current Sweep Value 199
- 5.16 Stored Faults 199
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # B-B–23 200
- B-B–28 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 205
- 5.20 Change Status 206
- 5.21 Equipment Type 206
- B-B–30 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 207
- Appendix C 208
- EXTERNAL CHANNEL UNIT 208
- C-C–2 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 209
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # C-C–3 210
- C-C–4 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 211
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # C-C–5 212
- C-C–6 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 213
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # C-C–7 214
- C-C–8 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 215
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # C-C–9 216
- C-C–10 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 217
- 2.0 Digital Interfaces 218
- 2.1.1 Functional Description 218
- C-C–12 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 219
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # C-C–13 220
- C-C–14 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 221
- 2.1.2 Connector Pinouts 223
- 2.1.3 Specification 223
- 2.2 V.35 Interface 224
- 2.2.1 Functional Description 224
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # C-C–19 226
- C-C–20 MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # 227
- 2.2.2 Connector Pinouts 228
- 2.2.3 Specification 228
- 3.0 Front Panel Operation 229
- 3.1 Configuration 229
- 3.2 Monitor 232
- 3.3 Faults 232
- 3.4 Stored Faults 233
- 3.5 Utility 233
- Figure C-13 Menu Tree 235
- Figure C-14 Menu Tree 236
- Figure C-15 Menu Tree 237
- MN/U-SDM309B Rev. # C-C–31 238
- Appendix D 239
- SOFTWARE CHANGE 239
- SPECIFICATIONS 239
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